Election Management

Election Day Voter Registration in the United States: How One-Step Voting Can Change the Composition of the American Electorate

Working Paper No.: 
5
Date Published: 
01/01/2009
Author(s): 
R. Michael Alvarez, Caltech
Stephen Ansolabehere, MIT
Catherine H. Wilson, Northwestern University

For most Americans, voting requires two steps. First, an eligible citizen must register in some manner with an appropriate government agency. Second, once registered, the citizen can then cast a ballot on or before election day. The historical record provides examples of voter registration processes as early as 1801 in the state of Massachusetts, followed by Columbia, South Carolina in 1819, the state of Pennsylvania in 1836, and New York City in 1840. After the Civil War, voter registration systems proliferated throughout the nation, especially in large urban areas of the county.

Ballot Design Options

Working Paper No.: 
4
Date Published: 
01/01/2009
Author(s): 
R. Michael Alvarez, Caltech

Does ballot design “matter”? Does the design of ballots influence how voters cast their ballots, and thereby affect the outcome of an election? Anecdotal evidence indicates that ballot design may be a very important factor in American elections. Probably the most well-known ballot design question is the now infamous “butterfly” ballot design, from the 2000 Florida election.

A Modular Voting Architecture ("FROGS")

Working Paper No.: 
3
Date Published: 
01/01/2009
Author(s): 
Shuki Bruck, Caltech
David Jefferson, Compaq
Ronald Rivest, MIT

We present a “modular voting architecture” in which “vote generation” is performed
separately from “vote casting.”

19th Century Ballot Reform in California: A Study of the Huntington Library's Political Ephemera Collection

Working Paper No.: 
1
Date Published: 
01/01/2009
Author(s): 
Melanie Goodrich, Caltech

Ballot reform is an important part of the American political process. During
the 1800’s, ballots changed drastically. At the beginning of the century, voters
wrote the names of the candidates for whom they wished to vote on a piece of paper
and put that piece of paper into the ballot box. Legislation followed that allowed
voters to cast professionally printed ballots, which opened the door to political
parties providing their supporters with pre-printed ballots to cast. Towards the close
of the century, the Australian ballot, also known as the secret ballot, was introduced

Voting - What Is, What Could Be

Date Published: 
01/01/2009
Author(s): 
Voting Technology Project

On December 15, 2000, the California Institute of Technology and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology announced a collaborative project to develop new voting technology in order "to precent a recurrence of the problems that threatened the 2000 presidential election." The problems in the 2000 election go well beyond voting equipment. This report assesses the magnitude of the problems, their root causes, and how technology can reduce them.

Blanket primaries a step toward reform

Newspaper: 
Pasadena Star News
Date Published: 
01/01/2009
Author(s): 
R. Michael Alvarez
Op-Ed

Recently, I have been talking with people about the upcoming primary elections. I've been finding that some are just not interested in participating in California's June primary.

A common thread in these conversations is a feeling that choices are limited. Regardless of the individual's partisanship and given that the legislative districts in our area are so heavily gerrymandered to favor one of the two major parties, some think they don't have meaningful choices in the upcoming primary.

Reform: Like shooting fish in a pork barrel

Newspaper: 
Pasadena Star News
Date Published: 
01/01/2009
Author(s): 
R. Michael Alvarez
Op-Ed

In recent years, I've walked the halls of Congress, meeting with staff members to discuss election reform.

But in my visits, I don't get face-to-face access with members of Congress that real lobbyists receive. Lobbyists get better access due to personal connections, campaign contributions and the many other favors they provide to legislators. It's these behind closed doors meetings where the real business in Washington gets conducted, meetings that typical constituents rarely receive.

And that's the problem with how business is done today in Washington.

State desperately needs redistricting reform

Newspaper: 
Pasadena Star News
Date Published: 
01/01/2009
Author(s): 
R. Michael Alvarez
Op-Ed

The other day, a colleague asked me about redistricting reform in California. He had three questions. Why do we need it, how do we do it, and why now?

We need to fix how legislative boundaries are drawn in California for a few simple reasons. One reason is that today's districts do not respect local communities, but instead our state is carved into bizarre districts whose primary purpose is to reelect incumbents.

Governor should hold to promise of reform

Newspaper: 
Pasadena Star News
Date Published: 
01/01/2009
Author(s): 
R. Michael Alvarez
Op-Ed

It was just a year ago, back in January 2005, when Gov. Schwarzenegger said in his State of the State Address, "This year we must heal the patient" (the "patient", in his odd metaphor, being the state of California). To heal the patient, the governor argued that we had to do two things: reform the way the government spends money and the way the government operates.

Who Votes by Mail? A Dynamic Model of the Individual-Level Consequences of Vote-By-Mail Systems

Author(s): 
Adam Berinsky
Nancy Burns
Michael Traugott
Journal: 
Public Opinion Quarterly
pp: 
178-197
Date Published: 
01/01/2009

Election administrators and public officials often consider changes in electoral laws, hoping that these changes will increase voter turnout and make the electorate more reflective of the voting-age population. The most recent of these innovations is voting-by-mail (VBM), a procedure by which ballots are sent to an address for every registered voter. Over the last 2 decades, VBM has spread across the United States, unaccompanied by much empirical evaluation of its impact on either voter turnout or the stratification of the electorate.

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